When discussing the Project Boundary in GCP, Think Application hosting. Think of a project as the container of all App Resources. A single App - A Single Project.  A dozen apps - a dozen projects. What if those dozen apps share some resources in common (e.g. an Active Directory instance or some IdP?).

The HOST project and SERVICE project constructs can help create a centralized HOST project with the common resources. These common resources in host projects (think COMMON resources) can be shared out to service projects (individual app projects)

 

Also read - Understanding Projects in GCP



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