Queries are running slowly.

Must be able to speed it up - without moving data to a data warehouse or changing the existing schema

Overview  - Two methods of storing data

Table rows and indices are stored in data pages, stored horizontally. Row Group = 1 million rows, Segment = Single Compressed Column from the rowgroup

Non Clustered Columnstore Index - the columns that are part of the index are stored separately in different data page. Stored Vertically

Once table is queryable in a columnar format, the size of the result set is drastically reduced (as much as 99% reduced). - e.g.

 select first_name, last_name from bigquery_public_data.wikipedia_authors

as opposed to

select * from bigquery_public_data.wikipedia_authors

So - the basic idea is to use columnar indices to start speeding up the queries. This will not require a schema change or require moving the data to a data warehouse.